| Gene Information | |
| NCBI Gene ID | 822415 |
| Symbol | GL1 |
| LocusTag | AT3G27920 |
| Synonyms | ATMYB0|AtGL1|GLABRA 1|TRICHOME DIFFERENTIATION PROTEIN GL1|myb domain protein 0 |
| Description | GL1 (GLABRA 1); transcription factor |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Pattern | GL1|AT3G27920|ATMYB0|AtGL1|GLABRA 1|TRICHOME DIFFERENTIATION PROTEIN GL1|myb domain protein 0|GL1 (GLABRA 1); transcription factor |
| Corresponding sequence in Trichome EST library | |
| Reference |
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GLABROUS1 overexpression and TRIPTYCHON alter the cell cycle and trichome cell fate in Arabidopsis. Szymanski DB, Marks MD. Plant Cell. 1998 Dec;10(12):2047-62. ...... Cellular competence, initiation cues, and inhibition signals control the distribution of trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf. The GLABROUS1 (GL1) gene has a dual role in that it is required for trichome initiation, but GL1 overexpression reduces trichome number. We have found that a mutation in the TRIPTYCHON (TRY) gene partially suppresses the GL1 overexpression phenotype but not ...... |
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...... TRY directly controls an epidermal inhibition pathway. Surprisingly, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S::GL1 try plants contain a subclass of trichomes derived from the subepidermal layer. Altered cell cycle control was also detected in 35S::GL1 and try plants. A mutation in TRY led to increased epidermal and mesophyll cell number, a reduction in endoreduplication in the epidermis, and an increase in endoreduplication in trichomes. GL1 overexpression also reduced ...... |
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...... levels in both the epidermis and trichomes; however, in the presence of try, it synergistically enhanced trichome endoreduplication. Interactions with the COTYLEDON TRICHOME1 (COT1) gene indicate that GL1 and TRY control trichome development and may be involved in cell cycle control during leaf development. ...... |
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Gibberellins promote trichome formation by Up-regulating GLABROUS1 in arabidopsis Perazza D, Vachon G, Herzog M. Plant Physiol. 1998 Jun;117(2):375-83. ...... Using the GA-deficient mutant ga1-3, the GA-response mutant spy-5, and uniconazol (a GA-biosynthesis inhibitor), we show that the GA level response correlates positively with both trichome number and trichome branch number. Two genes, GL1 and TTG, are required for trichome initiation. In ga1-3, coexpression of GL1 and R, the maize TTG functional homolog, under control of the constitutive 35S promoter, restored trichome development, whereas overexpression of neither GL1 nor ...... |
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...... levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that relative to wild type, ga1-3 plants contained less transcript. These data support the hypothesis that GAs induce trichome development through up-regulation of GL1 and possibly TTG genes. ...... |
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cot1: a regulator of Arabidopsis trichome initiation. Szymanski DB, Klis DA, Larkin JC, Marks MD. Genetics. 1998 Jun;149(2):565-77. ...... on the adaxial leaf surface. The cot1 mutation enhances GL1-overexpression-dependent ectopic trichome formation and also induces increased leaf trichome initiation. The expressivity of the cot1 phenotype is sensitive to cot1 and 35S::GL1 gene dosage, and the most severe phenotypes are observed when cot1 and 35S::GL1 are homozygous. The COT1 locus is located on chromosome 2 15.3 cM north of er. Analysis of the interaction between cot1, try, and 35S::GL1 suggests that COT1 ...... |
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Tissue layer and organ specificity of trichome formation are regulated by GLABRA1 and TRIPTYCHON in Arabidopsis. Schnittger A, Jurgens G, Hulskamp M. Development. 1998 Jun;125(12):2283-9. ...... give rise to a distinct set of cell types. To investigate the role of tissue-layer-specific cues in generating plant cellular diversity we studied the spatial regulation of an epidermal cell type, trichomes (hairs), by the two genes, GLABRA1 (GL1) and TRIPTYCHON (TRY). Ubiquitous expression of the positive regulator GL1 in the absence of the negative regulator TRY leads to ectopic trichome formation not only on additional organs but also in subepidermal tissue layers. ...... |
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Control of GL2 expression in Arabidopsis leaves and trichomes. Szymanski DB, Jilk RA, Pollock SM, Marks MD. Development. 1998 Apr;125(7):1161-71. ...... the GL2 promoter. The GL2 expression profile in the shoot is complex, and involves spatial and temporal variation in developing leaves and trichomes. Two separate promoter domains that are expressed in trichomes were identified. GL2, like GL1, is expressed in developing trichomes and in cells surrounding trichomes during early stages of trichome development. Unlike GL1, GL2 expression persists in mature trichomes. It was found that while GL1 and TTG were not required for the ...... |
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A myb gene required for leaf trichome differentiation in Arabidopsis is expressed in stipules. Oppenheimer DG, Herman PL, Sivakumaran S, Esch J, Marks MD. Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):483-93. ...... The GL1 gene is required for the initiation of differentiation of hair cells (trichomes) on the crucifer, Arabidopsis thaliana. This gene has been localized to a 4.5 kb DNA fragment by molecular complementation of gl1 mutants. DNA sequence ...... |
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...... shown that the protein encoded by GL1 contains a Myb DNA-binding motif. Southern analysis and subsequence analysis of isolated lambda clones has established that GL1 is a member of an extensive myb gene family in Arabidopsis. The putative GL1 promoter directs the expression of the GUS reporter gene in non-trichome-bearing structures that appear to be stipules. This pattern of expression suggests that GL1 may control the synthesis of a diffusible signal that activates the ...... |
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Arabidopsis transient expression analysis reveals that activation of GLABRA2 may require concurrent binding of GLABRA1 and GLABRA3 to the promoter of GLABRA2. Wang S, Chen JG. Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 Dec;49(12):1792-804. Epub 2008 Oct 22 ...... target genes via their DNA-binding domains or by interacting with other transcription factors. Trichome cell fate determination in Arabidopsis utilizes a lateral inhibition mechanism that relies on the interplay of transcription factors. GLABRA1 (GL1), an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, GLABRA3 (GL3), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), a WD40 protein, are believed to form a transcriptional activator complex to control the ...... |
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...... of GLABRA2 (GL2), which in turn induces trichome formation in shoots. However, the molecular mechanism of the regulation of GL2 expression by this activator complex is still poorly understood. Here we report that GL1 and GL3 control GL2 expression by a previously unrecognized mechanism in which in addition to the protein-protein interaction between GL1 and GL3, concurrent binding of GL1 and GL3 to the promoter of GL2 via their own DNA-binding domains ...... |
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A competitive complex formation mechanism underlies trichome patterning on Arabidopsis leaves Digiuni S, Schellmann S, Geier F, Greese B, Pesch M, Wester K, Dartan B, Mach V, Srinivas BP, Timmer J, Fleck C, Hulskamp M. Mol Syst Biol. 2008;4:217. Epub 2008 Sep 2 ...... the direct testing of the effect of experimental interventions and in the prediction of patterning phenotypes. We show experimentally that the trichome inhibitor TRIPTYCHON is transcriptionally activated by the known positive regulators GLABRA1 and GLABRA3. Further, we demonstrate by particle bombardment of protein fusions with GFP that TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE but not GLABRA1 and GLABRA3 can move between cells. Finally, theoretical considerations suggest promoter swapping and ...... |
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SAD2 in Arabidopsis functions in trichome initiation through mediating GL3 function and regulating GL1, TTG1 and GL2 expression. Gao Y, Gong X, Cao W, Zhao J, Fu L, Wang X, Schumaker KS, Guo Y. J Integr Plant Biol. 2008 Jul;50(7):906-17 ...... Most genes identified that control Arabidopsis trichome initiation and formation are transcription factors or regulatory components in transcriptional networks and include GLABROUS1 (GL1), GLABRA2 (GL2), GLABRA3 (GL3) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1). Herein, we report that an importin beta-like protein, SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 (SAD2), is required for trichome initiation. Mutations in SAD2 disrupted trichome ...... |
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...... OF GLABRA3 (EGL3) were enhanced. Overexpression of GL3 increased trichome numbers in wild type but not in sad2 mutants, indicating that the function of the GL3 protein is altered in the sad2 mutants. In contrast, overexpression of GFP-GL1 decreased trichome number in both wild type and sad2. Double mutant analysis of gl1 sad2 and gl3 sad2 indicated that SAD2 functions genetically, at least in part, in the same pathway with these two genes. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated ...... |
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Promoter of a cotton fibre MYB gene functional in trichomes of Arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco. Shangguan XX, Xu B, Yu ZX, Wang LJ, Chen XY. J Exp Bot. 2008;59(13):3533-42. Epub 2008 Aug 18 ...... Cotton fibres are unicellular seed trichomes. Our previous study suggested that the cotton R2R3 MYB transcript factor GaMYB2 is a functional homologue of the Arabidopsis trichome regulator GLABRA1 (GL1). Here, the GaMYB2 promoter activity is reported in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis plants. A 2062 bp promoter of GaMYB2 was isolated from G. arboreum, and fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) ...... |
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Comprehensive analysis of single-repeat R3 MYB proteins in epidermal cell patterning and their transcriptional regulation in Arabidopsis. Wang S, Hubbard L, Chang Y, Guo J, Schiefelbein J, Chen JG. BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Jul 21;8:81 ...... MYBs suppress trichome formation on cotyledons and siliques, organs that normally do not bear any trichomes. By using Arabidopsis protoplast transfection assays, we found that all single-repeat R3 MYBs examined interact with GL3, and that GL1 or WER and GL3 or EGL3 are required and sufficient to activate the transcription of TRY, CPC, ETC1 and ETC3, but not TCL1 and ETC2. Furthermore, only ETC1's transcription was greatly reduced in the gl3 egl3 double mutants. ...... |
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The TTG1-bHLH-MYB complex controls trichome cell fate and patterning through direct targeting of regulatory loci. Zhao M, Morohashi K, Hatlestad G, Grotewold E, Lloyd A. Development. 2008 Jun;135(11):1991-9. ...... A network of three classes of proteins consisting of bHLH and MYB transcription factors, and a WD40 repeat protein, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), act in concert to activate trichome initiation and patterning. Using YFP-TTG1 translational fusions, we show that TTG1 is expressed ubiquitously in Arabidopsis leaves and is preferentially localized in the nuclei of trichomes at ...... |
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A model for cell-type determination and differentiation in plants. Marks MD, Esch J, Herman P, Sivakumaran S, Oppenheimer D. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1991;45:77-87. Review. ...... processes; (2) to manipulate cell development by altering the normal expression of these genes; and (3) to determine if this information can be used to improve crop plants. Presently, most of our progress has centered on the GL1 gene, which has been isolated and characterized. We have found that GL1 is a myb-related gene that is uniquely required for trichome initiation. As in other plants, Arabidopsis has a family of myb-related genes. We are currently ...... |
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TRICHOMELESS1 regulates trichome patterning by suppressing GLABRA1 in Arabidopsis. Wang S, Kwak SH, Zeng Q, Ellis BE, Chen XY, Schiefelbein J, Chen JG. Development. 2007 Nov;134(21):3873-82. ...... on inflorescence stem and pedicels. Genetic analyses demonstrate that TCL1 and CAPRICE work synergistically to regulate trichome patterning on these organs. Interestingly, overexpression of TCL1 specifically suppresses the expression of GLABRA1 (GL1), a crucial component in the trichome initiation complex, whereas loss-of-function of TCL1 enhances GL1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results show that TCL1 can be recruited to the cis-acting regulatory elements of GL1. ...... |
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Participation of the Arabidopsis bHLH factor GL3 in trichome initiation regulatory events. Morohashi K, Zhao M, Yang M, Read B, Lloyd A, Lamb R, Grotewold E. Plant Physiol. 2007 Nov;145(3):736-46. ...... the development and patterning of trichomes (GL2, CAPRICE, and ENHANCER OF TRIPTYCHON AND CAPRICE1) and activates their transcription. The in vivo binding of GL3 to the promoters of these genes requires the presence of the R2R3-MYB factor GL1, supporting a model in which a GL3-GL1 complex is part of the trichome initiation enhanceosome. In contrast, GL3 is recruited to its own promoter in a GL1-independent manner, and this results in decreased GL3 expression, suggesting the ...... |
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Genetic interaction between glabra3-shapeshifter and siamese in Arabidopsis thaliana converts trichome precursors into cells with meristematic activity. Marks MD, Gilding E, Wenger JP. Plant J. 2007 Oct;52(2):352-61. ...... of two such genes. One of the alleles, called gl3-sst, is derived from the GL3 locus, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factor. The mutation in the gl3-sst protein modifies its ability to form a complex with the GL1 protein (a MYB transcription factor required for trichome formation), leading to changes in gene expression compared with wild type during gl3-sst mutant trichome development. The other mutant allele, sim, is a likely loss of function ...... |
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Leaf hairs influence phytopathogenic fungus infection and confer an increased resistance when expressing a Trichoderma alpha-1,3-glucanase. Calo L, Garcia I, Gotor C, Romero LC. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(14):3911-20. ...... the influence of leaf trichomes on foliar fungal infections in Arabidopsis thaliana, probably by facilitating the adhesion of the fungal spores/hyphae to the leaf surface. A decreased trichome number in the hairless Arabidopsis mutant gl1 enhances tolerance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. By contrast, the try mutant shows an increased susceptibility to both fungal infection and accumulation. Trichome density does not influence infection by the soil-borne ...... |
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GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS modulates the regulation by gibberellins of epidermal differentiation and shoot maturation in Arabidopsis. Gan Y, Kumimoto R, Liu C, Ratcliffe O, Yu H, Broun P. Plant Cell. 2006 Jun;18(6):1383-95. ...... leaf transition and inducing the formation of rosette leaves on inflorescence stems. Genetic and gene expression analyses suggest that GIS acts in a GA-responsive pathway upstream of the trichome initiation regulator GLABROUS1 (GL1) and downstream of the GA signaling repressor SPINDLY (SPY). GIS mediates the induction of GL1 expression by GA in inflorescence organs and is antagonized in its action by the DELLA repressor GAI. The implication of GIS in the broader ...... |
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"HAIRY CANOLA"--Arabidopsis GL3 induces a dense covering of trichomes on Brassica napus seedlings. Gruber MY, Wang S, Ethier S, Holowachuk J, Bonham-Smith PC, Soroka J, Lloyd A. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;60(5):679-98. ...... in leaves of a hairy, purple phenotype transformed with a 2.2 kb allele of the maize anthocyanin regulator LEAF COLOUR (Lc), but only weakly induced by BOOSTER (B-Peru), the maize Lc 2.4 kb allele, or the Arabidopsis trichome MYB gene GLABRA1 (GL1). B. napus plants containing only the GL3 transgene had a greater proportion of trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface, whereas all other plant types had a greater proportion on the abaxial surface. Progeny of crosses between GL3+ and ...... |
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Cloning and characterization of GLOSSY1, a maize gene involved in cuticle membrane and wax production. Sturaro M, Hartings H, Schmelzer E, Velasco R, Salamini F, Motto M. Plant Physiol. 2005 May;138(1):478-89. ...... not restricted to the juvenile developmental stage of the maize plant, pointing to a broader function of the gene product than anticipated on the basis of the mutant phenotype. Indeed, in addition to affecting cuticular wax biosynthesis, gl1 mutations have a pleiotropic effect on epidermis development, altering trichome size and impairing cutin structure. Of the many wax biosynthetic genes identified so far, only a few from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were found to be ...... |
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Functional diversification of MYB23 and GL1 genes in trichome morphogenesis and initiation. Kirik V, Lee MM, Wester K, Herrmann U, Zheng Z, Oppenheimer D, Schiefelbein J, Hulskamp M. Development. 2005 Apr;132(7):1477-85. ...... diversification of duplicated genes is one of the driving forces in evolution. To understand the molecular mechanisms of gene diversification, we studied the functional relationship of the two Arabidopsis paralogous MYB-related genes GL1 and MYB23. We show that MYB23 controls trichome branching and trichome initiation at leaf edges. The latter is controlled redundantly together with GL1. We show that the two proteins are functionally equivalent during trichome initiation ...... |
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...... not during trichome branching. RT-PCR and reporter construct analysis revealed spatial, temporal and genetic differences in transcriptional regulation of the GL1 and MYB23 genes. Presented data indicate that the diversification of GL1 and MYB23 gene functions occurred at the level of cis-regulatory sequences with respect to trichome initiation, and that, in parallel, the diversification with respect to regulation of trichome branching also involved changes in respective ...... |
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Comparison of TRY and the closely related At1g01380 gene in controlling Arabidopsis trichome patterning. Esch JJ, Chen MA, Hillestad M, Marks MD. Plant J. 2004 Dec;40(6):860-9. ...... to the previously identified negative regulator TRY, and has a similar pattern of expression as TRY in developing leaves. As previously shown for TRY, At1g01380 protein can inhibit the interaction between the positive trichome regulators GL1 and GL3, and likely limits trichome initiation via this inhibition. While TRY and At1g01380 are closely related, they are not completely functionally equivalent. When placed under the transcriptional control of the TRY promoter, At1g01380 ...... |
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...... only partially rescue the try mutant. Interestingly, Atg01380 is highly expressed in gl3-sst trichomes, while TRY expression is greatly reduced. The mutation in gl3-sst causes a reduced interaction between the GL1 and GL3 proteins and results in fewer leaf trichomes that develop in clusters. The differential expression of TRY and At1g01380 in this mutant can be used to explain how its altered trichome pattern in gl3-sst [corrected] is generated. ...... |
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Control of plant trichome development by a cotton fiber MYB gene. Wang S, Wang JW, Yu N, Li CH, Luo B, Gou JY, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Plant Cell. 2004 Sep;16(9):2323-34. ...... Cotton (Gossypium spp) plants produce seed trichomes (cotton fibers) that are an important commodity worldwide; however, genes controlling cotton fiber development have not been characterized. In Arabidopsis thaliana the MYB gene GLABRA1 (GL1) is a central regulator of trichome development. Here, we show that promoter of a cotton fiber gene, RD22-like1 (RDL1), contains a homeodomain binding L1 box and a MYB binding motif that confer trichome-specific expression in ...... |
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...... GaMYB2/Fiber Factor 1 transactivated the RDL1 promoter both in yeast and in planta. Real-time PCR and in situ analysis showed that GaMYB2 is predominantly expressed early in developing cotton fibers. After transferring into Arabidopsis, GL1::GaMYB2 rescued trichome formation of a gl1 mutant, and interestingly, 35S::GaMYB2 induced seed-trichome production. We further demonstrate that the first intron of both GL1 and GaMYB2 plays a role in patterning trichomes: it acts as an ...... |
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The YORE-YORE gene regulates multiple aspects of epidermal cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Kurata T, Kawabata-Awai C, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S, Okada K, Wada T. Plant J. 2003 Oct;36(1):55-66. ...... whereas that of the yre cer1 double mutant was heavily deformed, indicating that epicuticular wax is required for normal growth of trichomes. Double mutants of yre and trichome-morphology mutants, glabra2 (gl2) and transparent testa glabra1 (ttg1), showed that the phenotype of the trichome structure was additive, suggesting that the wax-requiring pathway is distinct from the trichome development pathway controlled by GL2 and TTG1. ...... |
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GeBP, the first member of a new gene family in Arabidopsis, encodes a nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity and is regulated by KNAT1. Curaba J, Herzog M, Vachon G. Plant J. 2003 Jan;33(2):305-17. ...... Trichomes of Arabidopsis are single-celled epidermal hair that are a useful model for studying plant cell fate determination. Trichome initiation requires the activity of the GLABROUS1 (GL1) gene whose expression in epidermal and trichome cells is dependent on the presence of a 3'-cis-regulatory element. Using a one-hybrid screen, we have isolated a cDNA, which encodes for a protein, GL1 enhancer binding protein (GeBP), that ...... |
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Trichome Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. I. T-DNA Tagging of the GLABROUS1 Gene. Marks MD, Feldmann KA. Plant Cell. 1989 Nov;1(11):1043-1050. ...... but completely lack trichomes usually found on the stem. The mutation is tightly linked to a T-DNA insert. Complementation analysis with genetically characterized trichome mutants revealed that the new mutation is an allele of the GL1 locus. The new trichome mutant has been designated gl1-43. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that the insert site contains a complex array of at least four tandemly linked T-DNA units oriented as both direct and inverted repeats. A genomic ...... |
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Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 Gene Requires Downstream Sequences for Function. Larkin JC, Oppenheimer DG, Pollock S, Marks MD. Plant Cell. 1993 Dec;5(12):1739-1748. ...... The Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 (GL1) gene is a myb gene homolog required for the initiation of trichome development. In situ hybridization revealed that the highest levels of GL1 transcripts were present in developing trichomes. In contrast, previous work had shown that ...... |
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Roles of the GLABROUS1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA Genes in Arabidopsis Trichome Development. Larkin JC, Oppenheimer DG, Lloyd AM, Paparozzi ET, Marks MD. Plant Cell. 1994 Aug;6(8):1065-1076. ...... hypotheses about the roles of GL1 and TTG in trichome development. The results support the hypothesis that TTG and GL1 cooperate at the same point in the trichome developmental pathway. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of both GL1 and R in the same plant caused trichomes to develop on all shoot epidermal surfaces. Results were also obtained indicating that TTG plays an additional role in inhibiting neighboring cells from becoming trichomes. ...... |
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...... are branched, single-celled epidermal hairs. These specialized cells provide a convenient model for investigating the specification of cell fate in plants. Two key genes regulating the initiation of trichome development are GLABROUS1 (GL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (TTG). GL1 is a member of the myb gene family. The maize R gene, which can functionally complement the Arabidopsis ttg mutation, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein. We used constitutively expressed ...... |
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Overexpression of the AtmybL2 gene represses trichome development in Arabidopsis. Sawa S. DNA Res. 2002 Apr 30;9(2):31-4. ...... Leaf trichome formation is known to be regulated by the TTG, GL1, GL2, and GL3 genes in Arabidopsis. GL1 and GL3 encode proteins with Myb and bHLH domains, respectively. Overexpression of the AtmybL2 gene, which encodes a single Myb-like DNA-binding domain, repressed trichome development in transgenic ...... |
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Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular analysis of the candidate gene GLABROUS1. Hauser MT, Harr B, Schlotterer C. Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Sep;18(9):1754-63. ...... GLABROUS1 (GL1) belongs to the large family of MYB transcription factors and is known to play a central role in trichome initiation. We studied trichome distribution and the molecular variation of GL1 in 28 A. thaliana accessions. Trichome density on ...... |
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...... leaves was highly variable among those accessions. On the molecular level, we detected substantial sequence variation in a 3-kb fragment which included the complete coding region of the GL1 locus (pi = 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis of GL1 indicates the presence of two diverged clades among 28 accessions. Using ANOVA, we show that the phenotypic variation in trichome density cannot be explained by the sequence divergence between the two phylogenetic lineages. Sequence ...... |
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...... DNA-binding domains R2 and R3. Using plants of A. thaliana and A. lyrata with either naturally occurring or ethyl methane sulfonate-induced glabrous phenotypes, we demonstrate that the last 14 C-terminal amino acids of the GL1 gene have no major impact on the initiation of trichomes. ...... |
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Ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis AtMYB23 gene induces differentiation of trichome cells. Kirik V, Schnittger A, Radchuk V, Adler K, Hulskamp M, Baumlein H. Dev Biol. 2001 Jul 15;235(2):366-77. ...... AtMYB23, that is involved in trichome development. Expression of the AtMYB23 gene under the control of the viral CaMV 35S promoter causes the development of ectopic trichomes. The formation of ectopic trichomes depends on TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 but not on GLABRA1. The absence of the negative regulator TRIPTYCHON leads to branching of the ectopic trichomes on cotyledons and the formation of ectopic trichomes in the leaf subepidermal cell layer. The CaMV 35S promoter-controlled ...... |
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GL3 encodes a bHLH protein that regulates trichome development in arabidopsis through interaction with GL1 and TTG1. Payne CT, Zhang F, Lloyd AM. Genetics. 2000 Nov;156(3):1349-62. ...... the Arabidopsis trichome development locus GLABRA3 (GL3) encodes an R homolog. GL3 and GLABRA1 (GL1) interact when overexpressed together in plants. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicate that GL3 participates in physical interactions with GL1, TTG1, and itself, but that GL1 and TTG1 do not interact. These data suggest a reiterated combinatorial model for the differential regulation of such diverse developmental pathways as trichome cell-fate determination, root hair spacing, ...... |
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Generation of a spacing pattern: the role of triptychon in trichome patterning in Arabidopsis. Schnittger A, Folkers U, Schwab B, Jurgens G, Hulskamp M. Plant Cell. 1999 Jun;11(6):1105-16. ...... that the formation of trichome clusters in try mutants is not correlated with cell lineage, indicating that TRY is required to single out trichome cells in a process involving cellular interactions. The genetic interactions of TRY, GLABRA1 (GL1), and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (TTG) in trichome patterning are assessed by determining the cluster frequency in various genetic combinations. It is shown that TRY acts as a negative regulator of GL1- and TTG-dependent pathways. ...... |
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...... trichome initiation in ttg-1, a strong ttg allele, is rescued almost to wild-type levels in a try background in which GL1 is expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, indicating that TTG acts upstream of GL1 and TRY. These findings are incorporated into a model to explain the generation of a trichome spacing pattern from a homogeneous population of epidermal cells. ...... |
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Allele-specific interactions between ttg and gl1 during trichome development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Larkin JC, Walker JD, Bolognesi-Winfield AC, Gray JC, Walker AR. Genetics. 1999 Apr;151(4):1591-604. ...... Trichome development in Arabidopsis thaliana is a well-characterized model for the study of plant cell differentiation. Two genes that play an essential role in the initiation of trichome development are GL1 and TTG. Mutations in either gene prevent the initiation of most trichomes. The GL1 gene encodes a myb-related transcription factor. Mutations in TTG are pleiotropic, affecting anthocyanins, root hairs, and seed coat mucilage in addition ...... |